The association between nausea and vomiting during pregnancy and placental abruption
Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy is commonly called “morning sickness.” While the cause of morning sickness is unknown, it is generally believed to be due to the hormonal changes of pregnancy. Nausea and vomiting are most common in the first trimester of pregnancy, but can occur at any time during pregnancy. In some cases, nausea and vomiting can be a sign of a more serious condition, such as hyperemesis gravidarum or placental abruption.
Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition characterized by severe nausea and vomiting that can lead to dehydration and weight loss. While the exact cause of hyperemesis gravidarum is unknown, it is believed to be related to the hormonal changes of pregnancy. Hyperemesis gravidarum occurs in about 1% of pregnancies.
Placental abruption is a serious complication of pregnancy that occurs when the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery. Placental abruption can occur with or without bleeding. When bleeding occurs, it can be severe and can lead to shock. Placental abruption is a medical emergency and can be life-threatening for both the mother and the baby. While the exact cause of placental abruption is unknown, it is believed to be related to the changes in the uterine lining during pregnancy. Placental abruption occurs in about 1% of pregnancies.
Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms during pregnancy, and in most cases, are not a cause for concern. However, in some cases, nausea and vomiting can be a sign of a more serious condition, such as hyperemesis gravidarum or placental abruption. If you are experiencing severe nausea and vomiting, it is important to contact your healthcare provider..Learn more
Factors that predict the development of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy
It is estimated that 70-80% of women will experience nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, making it one of the most common pregnancy complaints (1). Despite its prevalence, the exact causes of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) are not fully understood. Several theories have been proposed, but the most likely explanation is a combination of hormonal and physiological changes.
Hormonal changes are thought to play a role in the development of NVP, as levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone increase rapidly in early pregnancy (2). These hormones are thought to stimulate the production of stomach acids, which can lead to nausea and vomiting. In addition, the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is also thought to contribute to NVP. hCG is produced in early pregnancy and is thought to stimulate the vomiting center in the brain (3).
Physiological changes are also thought to play a role in the development of NVP. The increased demand for oxygen and nutrients by the growing fetus can lead to nausea and vomiting (4). In addition, the change in the center of gravity that occurs as the uterus grows can lead to nausea and vomiting by stimulating the vestibular system (the system that controls balance).
There are some factors that can predict the development of NVP. Women who are pregnant for the first time, have a history of NVP in a previous pregnancy, or have a family history of NVP are more likely to experience NVP (5). In addition, women who are carrying multiple fetuses, are younger, or have a history of motion sickness are also more likely to experience NVP (5).
Treatment for NVP typically focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing dehydration. Diet and lifestyle changes, such as eating small, frequent meals, avoiding fatty and spicy foods, and getting plenty of rest, can help to relieve symptoms (6). Medications, such as antiemetics, can also be used to relieve symptoms and prevent dehydration (7). In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide IV fluids and medications.
If you are pregnant and experience nausea and vomiting, it is important to speak to your healthcare provider. They can help you to manage your symptoms and prevent dehydration.
Visit pregnancysicknesssuport.org.uk to learn more about third trimester nausea. Disclaimer: We used this website as a reference for this blog post.